Back ground & Aim: Preservation of tooth vitality is one of the most important tasks for clinicians dealing with exposed teeth. Several different materials have been used for pulp capping in recent years with calcium hydroxide being of the most Due to pathologic complication in the pulp following the are of Ca(OH)2, this investigation was designed to evaluate the effect of MTA on pulp reaction following pulp capping procedure. Method & Material: Calcium Hydroxide (Dycal) was used for direct pulp cap ping of II human maxillary third molar teeth with intentional exposure as control group. The same number of teeth was capped using MTA using the same condition. Results: Results showed that the dentinal bridge was thicker in cases treated with MTA with a clearly milder inflammation in pulp of the teeth treated by MTA. Conclusion: MTA could be used as an acceptable material for pulp capping of exposed permanent teeth.

Pulpitis, or pulp inflammation, is a type of dental disease that is commonly associated with tooth pain symptoms. The immune reaction, characterized by TNF- α biomarkers and leukocyte cells, plays a part in the prevalence of pulpitis. (PMN). The latest innovation in dentistry is nanochitosane, which is derived from red snapper scales and includes calcium and chitin. The nanochitosane found in red snapper fish scales (Lutjanus Sp.) has been shown to decrease tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and pain levels. Twenty-four Sprague Dawley rats were splitted into four groups. Healthy rodents comprised group 1. Rats were used in Group II as a reversible pulpitis model with no material change. Rats were used in Group III as a pulpitis model with calcium hydroxide addition. Group IV included rodents as model pulpitis with red snapper fish scale nanochitosane addition. The inclusion of chitosan therapy reduced leukocyte cells, TNF- levels, and pain significantly in group IV compared to group II without therapy and group III with calcium hydroxide treatment. The results of this study showed that redfish scale nanochitosane can decrease inflammation by lowering TNF- and pain levels.

Pulp capping is often used in dental restorations to prevent pulp necrosis. Red snapper fish scale nanochitosan derived from natural materials can potentially be an alternative material for pulp capping materials because it has biocompatibility properties compared to chitosan with regular sizes. The aim of this study was to determine the physical stability of red snapper fish scale nanochitosan and the cytotoxic level against Vero cells.This study used a true experimental type using a posttest only with a control group design, consisting of 5 groups, namely treatment groups given red snapper scale nanochitosan at concentrations of 0.5%, 1%, and 2% and two control groups, namely media control and cell control. Replication was carried out 5 times so that the total sample was 30 samples. The measurement method used is the MTT assay, which produces absorbance values obtained from ELISA reader readings. The results of the physical stability test during storage showed that there was a significant difference in pH values ​​between the three concentrations (p <0.05). A concentration of 1% appeared as a stable midpoint. The Cytotoxic Test obtained in the study showed that no Vero cells died at a concentration of 1%, while those with concentrations of 0.5% and 2% Vero cells had shallow absorbance values. The results of the physical stability test during storage showed that the 1% concentration appeared as a stable concentration, and the cytotoxic test showed that the 1% concentration was not cytotoxic. In comparison, the 0.5% and 2% concentrations were moderately cytotoxic.  

Littoral- cell angioma (LCA) is a rare vascular tumor of the spleen. It was thought to be a benign, incidental lesion. However, many recent reports have described it to be a malignant lesion with congenital and immunologic associations. We report a case of LCA of the spleen, which has been infrequently communicated in the literature. A 41-year-old female patient was admitted to our hospital with a three-week history of weakness, weight loss, anorexia, and intermittent upper abdominal pain which improved slightly with antacid medication. Imaging studies, including computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), showed multiple lesions in the spleen. Laparoscopic splenectomy was performed.

Improving participation in voluntary activities in Iran is important because increasing productivity among young people, given the country's young population, contributes to community sustainability. Therefore, a better understanding of volunteer motivation in Iranian youth is needed. The Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI) for assessing volunteer motivations has good psychometric properties and is adapted to several languages, but no validated Iranian translation yet exists. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric Characteristics of voluntary functions inventory in members of Iranian Red Crescent Society. Sample size was 595 members of Youth Organization of Iranian Red Crescent Society from 31 provinces and 175 cities of Iran that were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and responded to voluntary functions inventory. Data were collected using a demographic sample and voluntary functions inventory (VFI). Confirmatory factor analysis using principal components method was used for data analysis. The results of the present study showed that the voluntary functions inventory had validity and reliability. Also, the factor structure showed that 29 items and 6 factors well assess people's attitudes to volunteering, and the structure of this inventory was well-fitted and confirmed all goodness of fit models. The present study provides the use of the Iranian translation of the Voluntary Functions Inventory (6 scales and 29 items) to assess volunteer motivation among young Iranian volunteers.

Background and Objective: Textile wastewaters are known as an important environmental pollutant. The main characteristic of textile wastewater is its colorness, which contains various organic and inorganic pollutants. Therefore it is necessary to treat such effluent effectively before discharging into the environment.Methods: In a fundamental-applicable study, removal efficiency of Acid red 18 and Acid red 14 using zero valent iron powder has been investigated. Parameters studied include pH (3-11), contact time (15-120 min), and initial concentration of iron powder (0.5-2 g/L).Results: Batch experiments show that dye removal was increased with increasing mass of iron powder and contact time, while decreased with increasing of pH. The high removal efficiency was observed in pH=3, contact time=120 min and iron powder concentration of 2 g/L. The result of kinetic studies shows that removal of Acid red 18 and Acid red 14 was best described by pseudo-second order kinetic model.Conclusion: the overall results of present work shows efficient removal of Acid red 18 and acid 14 by zero valent iron powder.